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Additionally, certain peptide sequences may be recognized as foreign by the immune system, increasing the likelihood of unwanted immune reactions

Elevated resistin levels activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which phosphorylates IRS-1 at serine residues, impairing its function and resulting in reduced glucose uptake and heightened insulin resistance (Kang et al., 2011)

The detailed pharmacological therapeutic strategies are shown in Table 1

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) and a selective growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that mimics ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland